Taiping tragedy

The Taiping rebellion: imperialism, opium, zealous military order, shocking cruelty, foreign intervention, and a hint of celestial intrigue. It is humanity's, most devastating civil war responsible for over twenty million lives lost, with some accounts suggesting casualties were much, much, higher. Destruction of cities and farms was so pervasive that cannibalism became routine. Human flesh was sold in markets at a drastically inflated price due to high demand and thriving cities along the Yangtse River became ghost towns. A conflict so abhorrent it caused a melancholic Lord Elgin, feeling somewhat ambivalent about Britain's role, to remark "Their treachery and cruelty comes out so strongly at times as to make almost anything justifiable".

One particularly grizzly episode of the saga was the merciless purge of rebel sympathisers in Canton. The Manchu government rounded up suspected partizans and all of their families, an estimated 75000 citizens. For those who weren't captured the government set up suicide booths, with placards instructing insurgents to do the honourable thing. From 1854 to 55 The prisoners were ruthlessly massacred in a Canton execution ground (former marketplace) in what the British council described as a series of executions among the most horrible in extent and manner of which the world has any authentic record. "Tens of thousands of accused taiping supporters were slaughtered in the canton execution ground [...] that stank with congealed blood. thousands were put to the sword, hundreds cast into the river, tied together in batches of a dozen." An eyewitness testified "I watched in horror as the accused were butchered, one executioner to grip the top knot of the bound kneeling prisoner and another to chop off his head with a sword. the witness counted 63 men decapitated in four minutes before he had to stop watching. I have seen the horrid sight he wrote and the limbless, headless corpse merely a mass of flayed flesh among headless trunks that lay in scores covering the whole execution ground. there were chests for sending the severed heads up to the governor-general as proof of effective punishment. But so many were executed that their heads wouldn't fit and the executioners packed only their ears, the right ears specifically which alone filled the boxes to overflowing."

If you say "I'm reading a book about the tapping rebellion" to the average uk citizen you'll most likely get a "what's that then?" in return, alas surprisingly it's not a widely prevalent chapter of history relative to its scale and timing.

I found the book "Autumn in the Heavenly Kingdom" by Stephen Platt (audiobook available on Scribd) to be a good resource on the subject cited above as the source for the canton executions. Platt's in-depth account highlights the shocking brutality of the Civil War. Platt also questions the motives of British involvement in the conflict (where Chinese Gordon got his nickname). Floundering between neutral, siding with the rebels before finally siding with the Qing dynasty only prolonged the inevitable overhaul of the outdated imperial dynasty.

The photos included here are the work of Felice Beato. An Italian-British photographer who travelled with Lord Elgin's invasion force in China. Beato was one of the most prominent photographers who documented the Taiping Rebellion. 

Cooked

I recently read the biography "Captain James Cook" by Rob Mundle. It tells the compelling story of Cook's life and the wonder of his various excursions into the unknown. It's a highly recommended read which at times perfectly captures the profound amazement and hair-raising astonishment. with which these intrepid 18th-century pioneers stepped into the annals of history. It is decked with stories of mystique, awe and perhaps unsurprisingly a large portion of cannibalism.

One such tale occurs when HMS Adventure was anchored in "ship's cove" for repairs. Ten sailors were sent out in a cutter to find "wild greens" for the ship's larder and were instructed to return by the afternoon but by the next morning, they still had not arrived and were becoming the source of considerable anxiety. Second Lieutenant Mr Burney and ten marines were instructed to investigate and after an hour of searching, they found a large double-hulled canoe, two natives and a dog who retreated into the woods when they saw the men. They found a shoe and some meat which Mr Burney described as fresh having sniffed it and believed it to be "dog flesh".

A little further down the beach, they found some food baskets, it was here where James Burney made a ghastly discovery, the baskets contained the hacked-up and freshly cooked remains of human bodies. Identified as the missing party by a hand with a distinctive tattoo- the initials T.H. One Thomas Hill. 

They continued to another cove where they were confronted by around 400 mauris who mocked and taunted the party. Scattered around were the sailors' remains some still cooking on the fires. They gathered up some of these body parts as evidence and then left. Mr Burney made the report to ships master Tobias Furneaux in his own words "The heads, hearts, lungs of many of our men were laying on the beach and some dogs were devouring their guts."

"carried aboard both hands; one was that of Mr Rowe; the other was that of Thomas Hill, and the head was that of servant of captain. These remains, with others that are joined, were tied in a hammock and thrown into the sea with ballast and weight balls heavy enough to make them fall to the bottom. We found no weapons or clothes, except trousers, a blouse and six mismatched shoes. “ They hurriedly weighed anchor and put to sea.